POLITICAL LAW DOCTRINES & PRINCIPLES
Presidential Communication Privilege = applies to decision-making of the Pres. = applies to all documents in their entirety and covers final and post-decisional matters, as well as pre-deliberate ones. Deliberate Process Privilege = applies to decision-making of the Exec. officials. = includes advisory opinions, recommendations, and deliberations comprising part of a process by which gov. Decisions and policies are formatted. Doctrine of Operative Facts - means that before a law was declared unconstitutional, its actual existence must be taken into account and whatever was done while the law was in operation should be recognized as valid. De facto municipal Corporation - is one so defectively created as not to be a de jure corporation but is nevertheless the result of a bona fide attempt to incorporate under existing statutory authority, coupled with the...